Are Healthcare Jobs Safe From AI? (2026 Data)

Updated March 2026 Based on 3649 roles assessed JobZone Score Methodology v3
Are Healthcare Jobs Safe From AI?

If you work in healthcare — or you're training to — the data is strongly in your favour. Across 🇺🇸 13.0M US workers in healthcare roles, 100% are in structurally safe GREEN zone positions. We assessed 200 roles, and the domain averages a JobZone Score of 57.5 out of 100, ranking #4 of 28 career domains we track. It's one of the most resilient fields in the entire index.

The reason is physical: healthcare happens at the bedside, in the operating theatre, and in the therapy room. Patients need hands-on examination, clinical judgement under uncertainty, and a human they trust with their most vulnerable moments. AI is improving diagnostics and streamlining admin, but the core of healthcare — direct patient care — requires a human presence no algorithm replaces. Below, we rank every role, explain what separates the resistant from the vulnerable, and help you see where your specialisation stands.

🇺🇸 13.0M
US workers in healthcare
200/200
GREEN zone roles
57.5
avg JobZone Score
#4
of 28 domains
🇺🇸 US Workforce Distribution: 13.0M Healthcare Workers
13.0M
GREEN 100% (13.0M US workers) YELLOW 0% (0 US workers) RED 0% (0 US workers)

All 200 Healthcare Roles Ranked

Ranked by JobZone Score (highest resistance first). Each role links to its full assessment.

# Role Score
1 Trauma Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 83.2 /100
2 Registered Nurse (Clinical/Bedside) 82.2 /100
3 Complex Family Planning Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) 82.0 /100
4 Forensic Pathologist (Mid-to-Senior) 81.7 /100
5 ICU Nurse (Mid-Level) 81.2 /100
6 Electrophysiologist — Cardiac (Mid-to-Senior) 80.7 /100
7 Interventional Cardiologist (Mid-to-Senior) 80.7 /100
8 Hospice Nurse (Mid-Level) 80.6 /100
9 Labor and Delivery Nurse (Mid-Level) 80.2 /100
10 Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) (Mid-Level) 79.9 /100
11 Thoracic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 79.7 /100
12 Emergency Room Nurse (Mid-Level) 79.2 /100
13 Transplant Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 78.7 /100
14 Neurosurgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 78.7 /100
15 Forensic Nurse Examiner (Mid-to-Senior) 78.6 /100
16 Live-In Caregiver (Mid-Level) 78.3 /100
17 Pediatric Nurse (Mid-Level) 78.2 /100
18 Psychiatric Nurse (Mid-Level) 78.1 /100
19 Urologist (Mid-to-Senior) 77.7 /100
20 Pediatric Gastroenterologist (Mid-to-Senior) 77.7 /100
21 Advanced Clinical Practitioner (ACP) (Senior) 77.7 /100
22 Gynecologic Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) 77.2 /100
23 Operating Room Nurse (Mid-Level) 77.2 /100
24 Prehospital Critical Care Practitioner (Mid-Senior) 77.0 /100
25 Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 76.7 /100
26 Orthopedic Surgeon, Except Pediatric (Mid-to-Senior) 76.7 /100
27 Pediatric Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 76.7 /100
28 Perfusionist / Cardiovascular Perfusionist (Mid-Level) 76.2 /100
29 Vascular Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 76.2 /100
30 Interventional Radiologist (Mid-to-Senior) 76.2 /100
31 Intensivist (Mid-to-Senior) 75.7 /100
32 Medical Psychotherapist (Mid-to-Senior) 75.3 /100
33 Flight Nurse (Mid-Level) 75.3 /100
34 Urogynecologist (Mid-to-Senior) 75.3 /100
35 Pediatric Oncologist / Hematologist-Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) 74.8 /100
36 Correctional Nurse (Mid-Level) 74.7 /100
37 Travel Nurse (Mid-Level) 74.6 /100
38 Nurse Anesthetist (Mid-to-Senior) 73.8 /100
39 Anesthesiologist (Mid-to-Senior) 73.8 /100
40 Gastroenterologist (Mid-to-Senior) 73.8 /100
41 Health Visitor (Mid-Level) 73.7 /100
42 Oncology Nurse (Mid-Level) 73.7 /100
43 NHS Consultant (Senior) 73.7 /100
44 District Nurse (Mid-Level) 73.7 /100
45 Bereavement Midwife (Mid-Level) 73.5 /100
46 Nurse Midwife / Certified Nurse-Midwife (Mid-to-Senior) 73.3 /100
47 Neonatal Nurse Practitioner (Senior) 73.3 /100
48 Nursing Home Aide (Entry-to-Mid) 73.2 /100
49 Wound/Ostomy/Continence Nurse (Mid-to-Senior) 73.2 /100
50 Personal Care Aide (Mid-Level) 73.1 /100
51 Embryologist (Mid-Level) 73.0 /100
52 Dental Hygienist (Mid-Level) 73.0 /100
53 Home Health Aide (Mid-Level) 72.7 /100
54 Hematologist (Mid-to-Senior) 72.4 /100
55 Surgeons, All Other (Mid-to-Senior) 72.4 /100
56 Chief Nursing Officer / Director of Nursing (Senior/Executive) 72.3 /100
57 Rig Medic / Offshore Medic (Mid-Level) 72.1 /100
58 Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician (Mid-to-Senior) 71.9 /100
59 Neonatologist (Mid-to-Senior) 71.8 /100
60 Community Psychiatric Nurse (CPN) (Mid-Level) 71.4 /100
61 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 71.2 /100
62 Forensic Psychologist — Prison/HMPPS (Mid-Level) 70.9 /100
63 Cardiologist (Mid-to-Senior) 70.4 /100
64 Surgeon (Mid-Career) 70.4 /100
65 Clinical Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) 70.4 /100
66 Orthodontist (Mid-to-Senior) 70.3 /100
67 Flight Paramedic (Mid-to-Senior Level) 70.0 /100
68 Colorectal Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 69.5 /100
69 Child Life Specialist (Mid-Level) 69.5 /100
70 Plastic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 69.4 /100
71 Lymphedema Therapist (Mid-Level) 69.4 /100
72 Pediatric Cardiologist (Mid-to-Senior) 69.4 /100
73 Pediatric Pulmonologist (Mid-to-Senior) 69.4 /100
74 Community Dental Officer (Mid-Senior) 69.1 /100
75 Health Play Specialist (Mid-Level) 69.1 /100
76 Palliative Care Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 69.1 /100
77 Neurotologist / Otologic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 69.0 /100
78 Pain Management Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) 69.0 /100
79 End-of-Life Doula (Mid-Level) 68.9 /100
80 Dentist, General (Mid-to-Senior) 68.7 /100
81 Obstetricians and Gynecologists (Mid-to-Senior) 68.6 /100
82 Dental Sedationist (Mid-Senior) 68.5 /100
83 Genitourinary Medicine Specialist / Sexual Health Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 68.3 /100
84 Pediatric Neurologist (Mid-to-Senior) 68.1 /100
85 Orthodontic Therapist (Mid-Level) 67.9 /100
86 Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 67.9 /100
87 Psychiatric Technician (Mid-Level) 67.9 /100
88 Pelvic Floor Physiotherapist (Mid-Senior) 67.8 /100
89 Prosthodontist (Mid-to-Senior) 67.6 /100
90 Birth Doula (Entry-Mid) 67.6 /100
91 Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) 67.6 /100
92 Nocturnist (Mid-Senior) 67.6 /100
93 Physician Assistant (Mid-Level) 67.5 /100
94 Nurse Practitioner (Mid-to-Senior) 67.5 /100
95 Community Sexual & Reproductive Health Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 67.4 /100
96 Nursing Assistant / CNA (Mid-Level) 67.4 /100
97 Event Medical Director (Mid-to-Senior) 67.4 /100
98 Hand Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 67.4 /100
99 Operating Department Practitioner (Mid-Level) 67.4 /100
100 Neuropathologist (Mid-to-Senior) 67.3 /100
101 Massage Therapist (Mid-Level) 67.3 /100
102 Allergist / Immunologist (Mid-to-Senior) 67.2 /100
103 Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) 67.2 /100
104 Geriatrician (Mid-to-Senior) 67.1 /100
105 Organ Donation Specialist Nurse (SNOD) (Mid-Level) 67.1 /100
106 Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 67.0 /100
107 School Nurse (Mid-Level) 67.0 /100
108 Reproductive Endocrinologist (Mid-to-Senior) 66.7 /100
109 Acupuncturist (Mid-Level) 66.5 /100
110 Family Medicine Physician / Doctor (GP) (Mid-to-Senior) 66.5 /100
111 Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) 66.5 /100
112 Substance Abuse Counselor (Mid-Level) 66.1 /100
113 Acute Internal Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 66.1 /100
114 Consultant Pharmacist (Senior) 66.0 /100
115 Dermatologists (Mid-to-Senior) 65.9 /100
116 Driving Rehabilitation Specialist (Mid-Senior) 65.8 /100
117 Anatomical Pathology Technologist (Mid-Level) 65.7 /100
118 Hand Therapist (Mid-Senior) 65.6 /100
119 Oncology Pharmacist (Mid-to-Senior) 65.6 /100
120 General Internal Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 65.5 /100
121 Neuropsychologist (Senior) 65.4 /100
122 Ayurvedic Practitioner (Mid-Level) 65.3 /100
123 Emergency Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 65.3 /100
124 Ocularist (Mid-Level) 65.2 /100
125 Hospitalist (Mid-to-Senior) 65.2 /100
126 Pediatricians, General (Mid-to-Senior) 65.0 /100
127 Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric (Mid-to-Senior) 65.0 /100
128 Mortuary Technician / Mortuary Assistant (Mid-Level) 64.9 /100
129 Podiatric Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 64.9 /100
130 ENT Specialist / Otolaryngologist (Mid-to-Senior Consultant) 64.8 /100
131 Respiratory Therapist (Mid-Level) 64.8 /100
132 Diabetes Specialist Nurse (Mid-Level) 64.8 /100
133 Bariatric Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) 64.5 /100
134 Paramedic (Mid-Level) 64.5 /100
135 Animal Assisted Therapist (Mid-Level) 64.5 /100
136 Radiopharmacist (Mid-Level) 64.5 /100
137 Dialysis Nurse (Mid-Level) 64.2 /100
138 Dysphagia Specialist (Mid-Senior) 64.1 /100
139 Clinical and Counseling Psychologist (Mid-to-Senior) 64.1 /100
140 Reconstruction Practitioner — Mammography (Mid-Level) 63.9 /100
141 Pediatric Nephrologist (Mid-to-Senior) 63.9 /100
142 Mammographer (Mid-Level) 63.9 /100
143 Wilderness EMT (Mid-Level) 63.9 /100
144 Licensed Practical Nurse / Licensed Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN) (Mid-Level) 63.6 /100
145 Doctor / Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 63.6 /100
146 Brain Injury Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) 63.4 /100
147 Physiatrist / Rehabilitation Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 63.4 /100
148 Lactation Consultant / IBCLC (Mid-Level) 63.2 /100
149 Podiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) 63.2 /100
150 Physical Therapist (Mid-to-Senior) 63.1 /100
151 Nephrologist (Mid-to-Senior) 63.1 /100
152 Pulmonologist (Mid-to-Senior) 63.0 /100
153 Home Ventilation Specialist (Mid-Level) 62.8 /100
154 Pediatric Rheumatologist (Mid-to-Senior) 62.7 /100
155 Cruise Ship Medical Officer (Mid-to-Senior) 62.5 /100
156 Public Health Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 62.5 /100
157 Peer Recovery Support Specialist (Entry-to-Mid Level) 62.3 /100
158 Junior Doctor — Specialty Trainee (ST1-ST8) (Mid-Level) 62.2 /100
159 Eating Disorders Dietitian (Mid-Senior) 61.9 /100
160 Psychiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) 61.8 /100
161 Addiction Psychiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) 61.3 /100
162 Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (Mid-Level) 61.2 /100
163 Clinical Dental Technician / CDT (Mid-Level) 61.2 /100
164 Dental Nurse (Mid-Level) 61.2 /100
165 Dentists, All Other Specialists (Mid-to-Senior) 61.1 /100
166 Nursing Associate (Mid-Level) 61.1 /100
167 Care Home Manager (Mid-to-Senior) 60.9 /100
168 Newly Qualified Nurse / NQN (Entry-Level) 60.8 /100
169 Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapist (Mid-Senior) 60.5 /100
170 Maxillofacial Technician (Mid-Level) 60.5 /100
171 Theatre Nurse — Scrub (Mid-Level) 60.4 /100
172 Emergency Medical Technician (Mid-Level) 60.4 /100
173 Endoscopy Nurse (Mid) 60.4 /100
174 Sports Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) 60.2 /100
175 Endoscopy Decontamination Technician (Mid-Level) 60.2 /100
176 Art Therapist (Mid-Level) 59.9 /100
177 Therapists, All Other (Mid-Level) 59.7 /100
178 Hepatologist (Mid-to-Senior) 59.6 /100
179 Medical Engineering Technician (Mid-Level) 59.6 /100
180 Music Therapist (Mid-Level) 59.5 /100
181 Chiropractor (Mid-Level) 59.5 /100
182 Surgical Technologist (Mid-Level) 59.2 /100
183 Medical Equipment Repairer (Mid-Level) 59.2 /100
184 Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) 59.2 /100
185 Clinical Geneticist (Mid-to-Senior) 59.1 /100
186 Endocrinologist (Mid-to-Senior) 59.1 /100
187 Charge Nurse / Ward Sister (Mid-to-Senior) 59.1 /100
188 Modern Matron — NHS (Mid-to-Senior) 59.0 /100
189 Dramatherapist (Mid-Level) 58.7 /100
190 Non Medical Prescriber (Mid-Level) 58.7 /100
191 Physician Associate (Mid-Level) 58.5 /100
192 Homeopath (Mid-Level) 58.4 /100
193 Voice Therapist (Mid-Senior) 58.4 /100
194 Maxillofacial Prosthetist (Mid-Level) 58.4 /100
195 Aromatherapist (Mid-Level) 58.2 /100
196 Cytopathologist (Mid-to-Senior) 58.0 /100
197 Audiovestibular Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) 58.0 /100
198 AAC Specialist (Mid-Senior) 58.0 /100
199 Physician, Pathologists (Mid-to-Senior) 58.0 /100
200 Low Vision Therapist (Mid-Level) 57.9 /100

Why Healthcare Resists AI Displacement

🇺🇸 13.0M US healthcare workers sit in GREEN or YELLOW zone roles (across 200 of 200 assessed roles). They share traits that current AI systems cannot replicate — and that aren't changing in the next five years:

Physical Patient Contact

Nurses palpate abdomens. Surgeons operate. Physiotherapists manipulate joints. Paramedics stabilise patients in moving ambulances. These roles require dexterous, adaptive physical presence in unpredictable environments — the hardest capability gap for AI and robotics to close.

Clinical Judgement Under Uncertainty

Diagnosis is not pattern matching. A clinician weighs ambiguous symptoms against patient history, comorbidities, medication interactions, and the patient sitting in front of them. Two patients with identical lab results can need completely different treatment plans. That contextual reasoning remains beyond current AI.

Emotional Trust & Therapeutic Relationship

Patients disclose symptoms they find embarrassing. Mental health patients need rapport built over months. End-of-life conversations require empathy that cannot be scripted. The therapeutic relationship is itself a clinical tool — and it requires a human on the other side.

Regulatory & Liability Framework

Malpractice law, clinical accountability, informed consent, and professional licensing all require a named human practitioner. No jurisdiction allows an AI to hold a medical licence, prescribe controlled substances, or sign a death certificate. The legal infrastructure of healthcare is built around human responsibility.

GREEN Zone: The Most AI-Resistant Healthcare Roles

200 healthcare roles score 48 or above on the JobZone Score, placing them in the GREEN zone. These roles combine hands-on patient contact, clinical decision-making, and professional accountability — the strongest combination of protective traits in our scoring framework. Many are flagged as GREEN Accelerated, meaning AI adoption actively increases demand for these positions by improving patient throughput and diagnostic speed.

1
Trauma Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
83.2 2
Registered Nurse (Clinical/Bedside) GREEN (Stable)
82.2 3
Complex Family Planning Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
82.0 4
Forensic Pathologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
81.7 5
ICU Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
81.2 6
Electrophysiologist — Cardiac (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
80.7 7
Interventional Cardiologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
80.7 8
Hospice Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
80.6 9
Labor and Delivery Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
80.2 10
Approved Mental Health Professional (AMHP) (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
79.9 11
Thoracic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
79.7 12
Emergency Room Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
79.2 13
Transplant Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
78.7 14
Neurosurgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
78.7 15
Forensic Nurse Examiner (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
78.6 16
Live-In Caregiver (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
78.3 17
Pediatric Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
78.2 18
Psychiatric Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
78.1 19
Urologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
77.7 20
Pediatric Gastroenterologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
77.7 21
Advanced Clinical Practitioner (ACP) (Senior) GREEN (Stable)
77.7 22
Gynecologic Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
77.2 23
Operating Room Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
77.2 24
Prehospital Critical Care Practitioner (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
77.0 25
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
76.7 26
Orthopedic Surgeon, Except Pediatric (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
76.7 27
Pediatric Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
76.7 28
Perfusionist / Cardiovascular Perfusionist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
76.2 29
Vascular Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
76.2 30
Interventional Radiologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
76.2 31
Intensivist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
75.7 32
Medical Psychotherapist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
75.3 33
Flight Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
75.3 34
Urogynecologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
75.3 35
Pediatric Oncologist / Hematologist-Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
74.8 36
Correctional Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
74.7 37
Travel Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
74.6 38
Nurse Anesthetist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
73.8 39
Anesthesiologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
73.8 40
Gastroenterologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
73.8 41
Health Visitor (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
73.7 42
Oncology Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
73.7 43
NHS Consultant (Senior) GREEN (Stable)
73.7 44
District Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
73.7 45
Bereavement Midwife (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
73.5 46
Nurse Midwife / Certified Nurse-Midwife (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
73.3 47
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner (Senior) GREEN (Stable)
73.3 48
Nursing Home Aide (Entry-to-Mid) GREEN (Stable)
73.2 49
Wound/Ostomy/Continence Nurse (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
73.2 50
Personal Care Aide (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
73.1 51
Embryologist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
73.0 52
Dental Hygienist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
73.0 53
Home Health Aide (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
72.7 54
Hematologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
72.4 55
Surgeons, All Other (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
72.4 56
Chief Nursing Officer / Director of Nursing (Senior/Executive) GREEN (Stable)
72.3 57
Rig Medic / Offshore Medic (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
72.1 58
Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
71.9 59
Neonatologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
71.8 60
Community Psychiatric Nurse (CPN) (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
71.4 61
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
71.2 62
Forensic Psychologist — Prison/HMPPS (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
70.9 63
Cardiologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
70.4 64
Surgeon (Mid-Career) GREEN (Transforming)
70.4 65
Clinical Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
70.4 66
Orthodontist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
70.3 67
Flight Paramedic (Mid-to-Senior Level) GREEN (Stable)
70.0 68
Colorectal Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
69.5 69
Child Life Specialist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
69.5 70
Plastic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
69.4 71
Lymphedema Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
69.4 72
Pediatric Cardiologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
69.4 73
Pediatric Pulmonologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
69.4 74
Community Dental Officer (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
69.1 75
Health Play Specialist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
69.1 76
Palliative Care Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
69.1 77
Neurotologist / Otologic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
69.0 78
Pain Management Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
69.0 79
End-of-Life Doula (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
68.9 80
Dentist, General (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
68.7 81
Obstetricians and Gynecologists (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
68.6 82
Dental Sedationist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
68.5 83
Genitourinary Medicine Specialist / Sexual Health Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
68.3 84
Pediatric Neurologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
68.1 85
Orthodontic Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
67.9 86
Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
67.9 87
Psychiatric Technician (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
67.9 88
Pelvic Floor Physiotherapist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.8 89
Prosthodontist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.6 90
Birth Doula (Entry-Mid) GREEN (Transforming)
67.6 91
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.6 92
Nocturnist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.6 93
Physician Assistant (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
67.5 94
Nurse Practitioner (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
67.5 95
Community Sexual & Reproductive Health Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.4 96
Nursing Assistant / CNA (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
67.4 97
Event Medical Director (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.4 98
Hand Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.4 99
Operating Department Practitioner (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
67.4 100
Neuropathologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.3 101
Massage Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
67.3 102
Allergist / Immunologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.2 103
Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.2 104
Geriatrician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.1 105
Organ Donation Specialist Nurse (SNOD) (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
67.1 106
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
67.0 107
School Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
67.0 108
Reproductive Endocrinologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
66.7 109
Acupuncturist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
66.5 110
Family Medicine Physician / Doctor (GP) (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
66.5 111
Oncologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
66.5 112
Substance Abuse Counselor (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
66.1 113
Acute Internal Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
66.1 114
Consultant Pharmacist (Senior) GREEN (Stable)
66.0 115
Dermatologists (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
65.9 116
Driving Rehabilitation Specialist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
65.8 117
Anatomical Pathology Technologist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
65.7 118
Hand Therapist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
65.6 119
Oncology Pharmacist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
65.6 120
General Internal Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
65.5 121
Neuropsychologist (Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
65.4 122
Ayurvedic Practitioner (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
65.3 123
Emergency Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
65.3 124
Ocularist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
65.2 125
Hospitalist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
65.2 126
Pediatricians, General (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
65.0 127
Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
65.0 128
Mortuary Technician / Mortuary Assistant (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
64.9 129
Podiatric Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
64.9 130
ENT Specialist / Otolaryngologist (Mid-to-Senior Consultant) GREEN (Transforming)
64.8 131
Respiratory Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
64.8 132
Diabetes Specialist Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
64.8 133
Bariatric Surgeon (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
64.5 134
Paramedic (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
64.5 135
Animal Assisted Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
64.5 136
Radiopharmacist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
64.5 137
Dialysis Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
64.2 138
Dysphagia Specialist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
64.1 139
Clinical and Counseling Psychologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
64.1 140
Reconstruction Practitioner — Mammography (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
63.9 141
Pediatric Nephrologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
63.9 142
Mammographer (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
63.9 143
Wilderness EMT (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
63.9 144
Licensed Practical Nurse / Licensed Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN) (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
63.6 145
Doctor / Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
63.6 146
Brain Injury Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
63.4 147
Physiatrist / Rehabilitation Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
63.4 148
Lactation Consultant / IBCLC (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
63.2 149
Podiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
63.2 150
Physical Therapist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
63.1 151
Nephrologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
63.1 152
Pulmonologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
63.0 153
Home Ventilation Specialist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
62.8 154
Pediatric Rheumatologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
62.7 155
Cruise Ship Medical Officer (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
62.5 156
Public Health Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
62.5 157
Peer Recovery Support Specialist (Entry-to-Mid Level) GREEN (Stable)
62.3 158
Junior Doctor — Specialty Trainee (ST1-ST8) (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
62.2 159
Eating Disorders Dietitian (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
61.9 160
Psychiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
61.8 161
Addiction Psychiatrist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
61.3 162
Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
61.2 163
Clinical Dental Technician / CDT (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
61.2 164
Dental Nurse (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
61.2 165
Dentists, All Other Specialists (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
61.1 166
Nursing Associate (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
61.1 167
Care Home Manager (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
60.9 168
Newly Qualified Nurse / NQN (Entry-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
60.8 169
Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
60.5 170
Maxillofacial Technician (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
60.5 171
Theatre Nurse — Scrub (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
60.4 172
Emergency Medical Technician (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
60.4 173
Endoscopy Nurse (Mid) GREEN (Stable)
60.4 174
Sports Medicine Physician (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
60.2 175
Endoscopy Decontamination Technician (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
60.2 176
Art Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
59.9 177
Therapists, All Other (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
59.7 178
Hepatologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
59.6 179
Medical Engineering Technician (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
59.6 180
Music Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
59.5 181
Chiropractor (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
59.5 182
Surgical Technologist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
59.2 183
Medical Equipment Repairer (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
59.2 184
Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
59.2 185
Clinical Geneticist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
59.1 186
Endocrinologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
59.1 187
Charge Nurse / Ward Sister (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
59.1 188
Modern Matron — NHS (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
59.0 189
Dramatherapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
58.7 190
Non Medical Prescriber (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
58.7 191
Physician Associate (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
58.5 192
Homeopath (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
58.4 193
Voice Therapist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
58.4 194
Maxillofacial Prosthetist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
58.4 195
Aromatherapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Stable)
58.2 196
Cytopathologist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Transforming)
58.0 197
Audiovestibular Medicine Specialist (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
58.0 198
AAC Specialist (Mid-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
58.0 199
Physician, Pathologists (Mid-to-Senior) GREEN (Stable)
58.0 200
Low Vision Therapist (Mid-Level) GREEN (Transforming)
57.9

Healthcare Specialisms Ranked by AI Resistance

17 specialisms within the Healthcare domain, ranked by average JobZone Score. Each links to its full specialism page.

1 Surgery
71.7 2 Emergency Medicine
71.2 3 Nursing
65.4 4 Medicine
64.9 5 Mental Health
63.1 6 Caregiving
60.7 7 Dental
59.8 8 Physiotherapy
56.0 9 Clinical Support
56.0 10 Respiratory Sciences
55.0 11 Diagnostic Imaging
53.7 12 Occupational Therapy
51.8 13 Speech & Language Therapy
50.9 14 Laboratory
48.9 15 Pharmacy
46.5 16 Dietetics & Nutrition
42.8 17 Health Administration
34.4

Direct Patient Care vs Diagnostic & Support: Which Side is Safer?

Healthcare splits into direct patient care roles (nursing, therapy, emergency medicine) and diagnostic and support roles (lab work, imaging, pharmacy, administration). Both benefit from AI tools, but the balance of human judgement differs.

Direct Patient Care
10 specialisms · avg 59.0
Emergency Medicine 71.2 Nursing 65.4 Mental Health 63.1 Caregiving 60.7 Dental 59.8 Physiotherapy 56.0 Clinical Support 56.0 Respiratory Sciences 55.0 Occupational Therapy 51.8 Speech & Language Therapy 50.9
Diagnostic & Support
5 specialisms · avg 45.3
Diagnostic Imaging 53.7 Laboratory 48.9 Pharmacy 46.5 Dietetics & Nutrition 42.8 Health Administration 34.4
Cross-Functional
2 specialisms
Surgery 71.7 Medicine 64.9

How Healthcare Compares to Other Domains

Average JobZone Score by career domain, ranked highest to lowest. Healthcare is highlighted.

Domain AI Resistance Scores
1
Trades & Physical
60.5
2
Veterinary & Animal Care
59.8
3
Military
57.6
4
Healthcare
57.5
5
Sports & Recreation
56.2
6
AI
56.0
7
Social Services
55.8
8
Religious & Community
54.4
9
Public Safety
53.0
10
Utilities & Energy
50.6
11
Other
50.5
12
Education
49.1
13
Cybersecurity
49.0
14
Agriculture
48.1
15
Transportation
46.4
+ 13 more domains in table below
# Domain Roles Avg JobZone Score
1 Trades & Physical 369 60.5
2 Veterinary & Animal Care 57 59.8
3 Military 52 57.6
4 Healthcare ← 379 57.5
5 Sports & Recreation 31 56.2
6 AI 39 56.0
7 Social Services 67 55.8
8 Religious & Community 30 54.4
9 Public Safety 112 53.0
10 Utilities & Energy 110 50.6
11 Other 162 50.5
12 Education 146 49.1
13 Cybersecurity 91 49.0
14 Agriculture 54 48.1
15 Transportation 168 46.4
16 Engineering 194 46.0
17 Government & Public Admin 97 42.4
18 Retail & Service 249 40.8
19 Science & Research 118 40.7
20 Legal & Compliance 70 39.7
21 Library, Museum & Archives 39 39.4
22 Creative & Media 297 37.2
23 Development 99 36.0
24 Cloud & Infrastructure 79 35.1
25 Real Estate & Property 42 34.5
26 Manufacturing 239 31.1
27 Business & Operations 324 29.6
28 Data 40 28.6
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About This Data

All scores are generated using the AIJRI (AI Job Resistance Index) methodology v3, a composite scoring framework that evaluates each role across resistance, evidence, barriers, protective principles, and AI growth correlation. Scores range from 0 (no resistance) to 100 (maximum resistance). Roles scoring 48+ are classified GREEN.

Healthcare roles are classified under the Healthcare career domain in our role taxonomy. For the full cross-domain analysis, see What Jobs Are Safe From AI?.

About the Authors

Nathan House

Nathan House

AI and cybersecurity expert with 30 years of hands-on experience. Nathan founded StationX (500,000+ students) and built JobZone Risk to ensure people invest their career development in the right direction.

HAL

StationX HAL

Custom AI infrastructure built by Nathan House for StationX. HAL co-develops JobZone Risk end-to-end: the scoring methodology, the assessment pipeline, every role assessment, and the statistical analysis that powers these articles — all directed by Nathan.